Beijing is aggressively positioning its state-led governance model as a viable alternative to liberal democracy. By targeting students and scholars from the Global South through expansive scholarship programs and the Belt and Road Initiative, China aims to shape global narratives on modernization while bypassing political resistance in the West.
The gap between bilateral ambition and multilateral restriction has reached a breaking point in Europe’s science policy. While Spanish PM Pedro Sánchez champions open research with Beijing as a driver of innovation, the European Commission is moving to exclude Chinese entities from strategic fields like semiconductors and AI. As China’s R&D spending nears $723 billion, this report explores whether Europe can afford to de-risk without losing its edge in the global race for frontier technology.
In a strategic response to fraying Transatlantic ties, Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez has solidified a pragmatic partnership with Beijing. By securing high-quality investments from Chinese giants like Chery and CATL—conditioned on local job creation and technology transfer—Spain is positioning itself as a vital manufacturing hub and a diplomatic bridge between China and a fragmented Europe. This report analyzes how Madrid is navigating U.S. pressure to secure its green transition and economic sovereignty.
Vietnamese President To Lam’s first overseas trip to Beijing signals a deepening strategic partnership with China. Facing global economic pressures, both nations are prioritizing high-level cooperation in trade, infrastructure, and renewable energy, aiming to balance regional stability with ambitious domestic modernization goals through 2026 and beyond.
Kazakhstan and its South Caucasus partners are rapidly modernizing the Middle Corridor to create a resilient Eurasian trade artery. With significant investments in Georgia’s Poti terminal and digital coordination with Azerbaijan, transit times from China have dropped to 11 days, positioning the region as a strategic alternative to traditional northern routes.
Moscow’s influence across Central Asia is steadily eroding due to the economic strains of war and sanctions. Regional powers are now diversifying their strategic partnerships, prioritizing the Middle Corridor and Chinese investment over traditional Russian ties to secure long-term infrastructure, energy reliability, and economic independence in a multipolar landscape.
The deepening rift between Washington and Madrid has pushed Spain toward a landmark strategic alignment with China. Faced with U.S. threats of a total trade cutoff over the use of military bases, Prime Minister Sánchez has accelerated cooperation with Beijing in green energy and EV manufacturing. This shift represents a broader European trend: redefining “Western” loyalty in an era where strategic autonomy and energy security outweigh unilateral demands from the Oval Office.
