
Tariff Barriers and the Reshaping of Global Trade Partnerships
The liberal trade order that defined the post‑1945 world is no longer collapsing suddenly — it is dissolving structurally. The rise of protectionism, especially in the United States, is forcing every major economy to redesign its trade strategy in real time. What emerges is not a new system, but a fragmented landscape of overlapping blocs, bilateral deals, and improvised coalitions.